The College Board kicked off Black History Month by stripping Black history of ideas that might upset its conservative white customers.
For those who have read and studied American history, this move is appalling but unsurprising.
The College Board, which had introduced a new Advanced Placement course in African American Studies, cut seminal Black scholars and writers from the curriculum, including Kimberle W. Crenshaw, Roderick Ferguson, Ta-Nehisi Coates and bell hooks. The move came after Florida’s Gov. Ron DeSantis vowed to ban the course, although College Board officials say they had planned to expunge these “dense” secondary sources before the governor’s threat. The College Board also eliminated contemporary topics central to the debates about the Black experience in America, such as the Black Lives Matter movement and mass incarceration.
It would be interesting to see how many of the people up in arms about Crenshaw and Coates and critical race theory have ever read any of the aforementioned writers or texts.
When I taught a college writing course a couple of years ago, a legal essay by Crenshaw, a law professor at Columbia University, was part of the curriculum. In a paper published in 1989, Crenshaw describes how race, class and gender overlap with how individuals experience the world. One of the legal examples she cites is DeGraffenreid v. General Motors, a 1976 case in which five Black women sued General Motors over its seniority policy. The company did not hire Black women before 1964. So, when the company laid off workers using a seniority-based policy in the early 1970s, all the Black women hired after 1964 were laid off. Crenshaw points out that a policy like that didn’t fall under just gender or just race discrimination -- white women and Black men fared differently under this same policy. At the time, Crenshaw highlighted a shortcoming in discrimination law.
Thirty years later, this argument seems obvious and uncontroversial. But discussing the legal reasoning and arguments gave my students a way to engage with contemporary issues and debates. And yes, legal writing is often “dense” and challenging. Grappling with difficult texts is part of learning how to think critically and engage in these debates.
So perhaps it’s not the content itself, but the connections that students might make that are threatening to certain political interests. For example, the same governor who wanted to ban this course held a press conference before the midterms last fall praising police for arresting 20 Floridians, some at gunpoint, for allegedly casting a ballot when they were ineligible to vote. Fourteen of those arrested were Black. When four white residents of the Republican-leaning retirement community The Villages were later arrested for voting twice, there were not heavily armed police dragging them out of bed in their underwear.
In fact, two residents of The Villages who pleaded guilty were only required to take a 24-hour civics class in order to avoid having any criminal record. A New York Times review of 400 voting fraud charges filed nationally found that “those who are poor and Black are more likely to be sent to jail than comfortable retirees facing similar charges.”
From that perspective, it makes sense that the Florida governor would want Crenshaw’s ideas banned in the state’s schools and colleges.
A reader who wrote to me in defense of DeSantis suggested that the course segments in question were “too one-sided and so controversial as to not represent Black history.” The ideas of scholars are never presented in a vacuum as incontrovertible truth. They are an invitation for evaluation and debate. These writers, in particular, provide a way to think about how Black history influences the present-day Black experience in America.
The writer’s next sentence revealed his own agenda. The original course “included topics that were teaching how to think about race, not factual Black history,” he said.
It’s intellectually dishonest to teach Black history without thinking about race in this country. It’s a difficult topic that makes us confront the complex reasons that so many racial disparities persist long after slavery, Jim Crow and segregation.
Crenshaw and Coates are not the boogeymen these cultural warriors would like you to believe. Instead of letting politicians tell you what you are allowed to read or think, find out for yourself what they are so scared of.
Pick up a book by a banned Black writer and read.