A TRIP TO THE VETERINARY ER IS NEVER EASY, BUT THESE TIPS CAN HELP YOU GET THROUGH IT

Taking a pet to the emergency hospital is something none of us wants to do. It's scary and stressful for you and your dog or cat. We've been there more times than we like to think about, and we have some tips to help you cope. We hope you won't ever need to use them, but tuck them away in the back of your mind just in case.

Protect yourself when handling a sick or injured animal. Even the most docile dog or cat can bite when in pain. Keep a muzzle on hand or ask your veterinarian to show you how to safely tie one using a scarf or tie.

Be patient. Your pet won't be seen in the order of arrival. Animals who are most unstable will be seen first.

"We do them in order of medical need," says our friend and colleague Dr. Tony Johnson, an emergency and critical care specialist at the Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine. "If I have a hit-by-car and a dog with diarrhea, even if the dog with diarrhea has been waiting two hours, the hit-by-car is going to get seen first."

The only time someone jumps that line, he says, is if they're bringing in a pet to be euthanized.

Be prepared to wait as little as five minutes or as long as six hours. It all depends on what other cases are there or come in while you're waiting. If you think about it before you leave the house, grab a book or your iPod in case you'll be there for a while.

If possible, have someone go with you or meet you there. You may need help getting your pet in and out of the car and into the hospital. And it's always good to have someone's hand to hold while you're waiting.

Designate a single person to communicate with the veterinarian, so he or she doesn't have to repeat information to multiple family members. Take notes or record the conversation on your smartphone so you can refer back to it.

Don't forget your wallet in your mad rush out of the house. Most veterinary hospitals won't treat your pet without proof that you can pay for care. Your regular veterinary hospital might do that if you've been a client for years -- they know where you live and that you're probably not going to skip town -- but an emergency hospital isn't in that position.

"It sounds avaricious, but there are not too many emergency hospitals that are going to do something on a handshake," Dr. Johnson says. "ERs usually see people once. They can't separate out the people who are a risk of not paying from those who aren't. They're not trying to be greedy."

Know when to go. Some things are obvious. Take your pet to the emergency hospital in the following situations:

-- allergic reactions

-- any animal bite

-- bloated belly

-- bloody diarrhea

-- difficulty breathing

-- distress from excessively hot or cold temperatures

-- eye injuries

-- frequent or projectile vomiting

-- heavy bleeding

-- ingestion of a toxic substance, such as antifreeze, human medications or snail bait

-- seizures

-- serious trauma, such as being hit by a car

-- straining to urinate or defecate

-- sudden lameness

-- unconsciousness or collapse

-- venomous snake or spider bites

If you're not sure, well, we recommend erring on the side of caution. Like their counterparts in human medicine, veterinary emergency clinics are expensive, but sometimes the cost of a visit is a price worth paying for peace of mind. And when a visit saves your pet's life? Priceless.

Q&A

Respond to cat's 'gifts'

with gratitude, distraction

Q: My cat is always bringing me dead gophers. Why does he do this, and how should I respond? -- via Facebook

A: My mother's cats have delivered four rats to her front door in the past week. Isn't she lucky that they are so thoughtful? I guess with colder weather coming on, they are concerned that she won't be able to provide for herself.

Cats are known for bringing "presents" to their people. Why do cats hunt for us? They are natural predators, of course, and it's instinctive for them to bring their prey to a safe place. In the wild, leopards drag their kill up into trees so it will be safe from other animals and they can munch on it at their leisure. Our domestic cats choose their own home, and sometimes their own food dish, as the best place to securely deposit their kill.

Of course, we can't get into their heads, fascinating though it would be, but they may be acting out the instinct to nurture us and to provide us with food. Maybe they are trying to teach us to hunt, as they would a kitten. Or it could just be that they're saying, "Hey, could you fix this for dinner tonight?"

Be polite when your cat brings you the gift of a dead mouse or other critter. Praise him for being such a good hunter, and then try to distract him while -- ideally --someone else disposes of the carcass.

If your cat is a great hunter, there's little you can do to prevent his offerings. There's the classic bell on the collar to warn prey animals of his approach, or the policy of keeping him indoors. And learn from my mother's experience: Look carefully before you step outside the door. -- Kim Campbell Thornton

Do you have a pet question? Send it to petconnection@gmail.com or visit Facebook.com/DrMartyBecker.

THE BUZZ

Dogs with 'smart collars'

could be health barometers

-- Researchers at England's Newcastle University developed a high-tech, waterproof dog collar with an accelerometer and used it to track movement, barking, sitting and other actions to gather data on the normal activity level of a variety of dog breeds. The information they obtained allowed them to quickly notice changes that might indicate that the dog was bored or in poor health. Their next step is to study whether changes such as the dog being walked less often or not being fed regularly can serve as a warning that an aging owner is struggling to cope or has deteriorating health.

-- The Eau Gallie Veterinary Hospital in Melbourne, Fla., has started regularly utilizing humorous messages, such as "No hump Wednesdays 10 percent off spay and neuter." The clever and comical signs are the brainchild of office manager Gemma Millar, who says they are a fun way to get people's attention and promote preventive care and the benefits of spaying and neutering. The signs have increased the clinic's spay/neuter appointments and even brought in new clients.

-- Everyone knows that black is chic, sophisticated and goes with everything. So why are black dogs and cats so difficult to place? Shelter employees and humane organizations agree that the animals tend to stay longer than lighter-colored pets, possibly because they are difficult to photograph, blend into backgrounds, or maybe just look a little scary. Shelters are working to improve their chances by putting colorful bandanas on black animals, putting up bright backdrops in their kennels to help them stand out, and having their pictures taken by professional photographers. -- Dr. Marty Becker and Kim Campbell Thornton

ABOUT PET CONNECTION

Pet Connection is produced by a team of pet-care experts headed by "Good Morning America" and "The Dr. Oz Show" veterinarian Dr. Marty Becker and award-winning journalist Kim Campbell Thornton. They are joined by professional dog trainer and behavior consultant Mikkel Becker. Dr. Becker can be found at Facebook.com/DrMartyBecker or on Twitter at DrMartyBecker. Kim Campbell Thornton is on Twitter at kkcthornton. Mikkel Becker is at Facebook.com/MikkelBecker and on Twitter at MikkelBecker.

SEPARATION ANXIETY: IT'S WELL-KNOWN AMONG DOGS, BUT CATS SUFFER IT, TOO.

When you come home from work, is it to find that your cat has peed on the bed, yowled so desolately all day that the neighbors inquire a little nervously about her well-being, or scratched to ribbons the chair that you just had reupholstered with that expensive fabric? Don't chalk it up to spite. Your cat may be suffering from a condition that almost no one associates with the feline species: separation anxiety.

Separation anxiety is more commonly associated with dogs, but despite their reputation for independence, cats can develop it as well, especially if they were orphaned as kittens or weaned too early. These cats may express their anxiety in destructive ways, such as scratching furniture.

Older cats can develop separation anxiety in the wake of a divorce or death in the family. They are often more attached to people than they are given credit for, and cats who lose owners this way may pace and cry in search of them.

Other signs of separation anxiety include depression, sulking, fighting with other cats, refusing to eat, not using the litter box, spraying urine on the owner's clothing and compulsive grooming behaviors, such as licking or pulling at hair until it comes out.

Why do cats do these things? It makes them feel better. Take spraying urine on your bedding or clothing -- please! Your belongings carry your scent, and applying her own scent to them makes your cat feel more secure, almost as if you're there. It's a compliment of sorts, even if it's one you'd rather not receive.

Are you doomed to life with a bald, angry cat who doesn't want you to leave the house? You might not be able to cure your cat's separation anxiety, but you can probably manage it successfully by enriching the environment and offering more playtime and attention.

To keep your cat's mind off your absence, make being home more interesting for him. Leave out a puzzle toy filled with a meal's worth of kibble. The time spent releasing the food from the toy is time not spent being destructive. And most cats tend to settle down after the first half-hour that you're gone.

Rotate favorite interactive toys so your cat doesn't have a chance to get bored. Put them out only when you're going to be away from home.

Give your cat some screen time -- TV screen, that is. Turn on the TV to a nature channel or play a DVD made for cats. The sights and sounds of birds, fish, squirrels and other animals can help hold a cat's interest.

Offer a room with a view -- and a gym. Install a window perch so your cat can watch the squirrels outside, and place a tall cat tree in an interesting spot so he can get some exercise climbing up and down it.

Provide live entertainment in the form of a bird feeder set in front of the window or an aquarium placed where your cat can see it but not access it.

If possible, build an enclosure in your yard that your cat can access from indoors. A chance to laze in the sun and roll in the grass is relaxing for everyone, including cats.

Give your cat a favorite treat when you leave, not when you come home.

Spend a few minutes once or twice a day playing with or petting your cat. If your cat knows he'll get attention when you're home, he's less likely to be anxious when you're gone.

If all else fails, consult a veterinary behaviorist. She may prescribe an anti-anxiety medication that can help your cat stay calm.

Q&A

Pets' bodily responses

to euthanasia differ

Q: We recently had to euthanize our dog Daisy. Luckily, our veterinarian was kind enough to come to our house so Daisy wouldn't be stressed by riding in the car and being at a hospital during her final moments. Everything went well until the second shot, which our vet said would stop her heart. After this fluid went into her vein, she stretched out and opened her mouth in an unsettling way. I've seen euthanasia performed before, and it was peaceful. Could you tell me what went wrong with Daisy? -- via Facebook

A: I'm sorry not only for the loss of your beloved pet, but also because you didn't experience it as we'd ideally want you to –– as the gentle, serene experience it was for her.

Let me explain: When we administer the injections that hasten the deaths of our patients, we're effectively administering overdoses of medications designed to anesthetize them fully before their heartbeat and respiration ceases and their brain function comes to an end.

The extremely swift effect of the medications, whether they're administered as one injection or two (the two-injection protocol is currently the most common approach), is such that animals are almost certainly unconscious before any of the signs you observed transpired.

But depending on the effects of these medications on individual animals' bodies, some animals may occasionally flail, appear to breathe, stiffen or even vocalize.

We understand that it's difficult for pet owners to perceive these signs as anything but distress, which is why we go to great lengths to minimize them. Nonetheless, you can rest assured that modern euthanasia methods ensure a peaceful death, despite your unfortunate experience. -- Dr. Patty Khuly, DrPattyKhuly.com

Do you have a pet question? Send it to petconnection@gmail.com or visit Facebook.com/DrMartyBecker

THE BUZZ

New program helps pets

of domestic violence victims

-- The University of Illinois College of Veterinary Medicine is pioneering a program that provides up to 30 days of care for the pets of women seeking protection from domestic violence at two local shelters, according to a report in ScienceDaily.com. Student volunteers care for the pets and arrange visits between the women and their pets. The program was developed in response to a recent study showing that 34 percent of women had delayed leaving an abuser out of concern for their pets. In other communities, shelter personnel and veterinarians can help by asking women if they need help placing pets and alerting clients to safe-haven programs and emergency resources for pets.

-- AP journalist Rachel D'Oro reports that Stubbs, the honorary feline mayor of Talkeetna, Alaska, is recovering slowly from an Aug. 31 attack by a loose dog. The 16-year-old orange cat suffered a deep gash on his side, a fractured sternum and a punctured lung. Stubbs, who was elected 15 years ago to represent the town, has received many get-well wishes from the more than 29,000 fans of his Facebook page.

-- Researchers at Germany's University of Gottingen Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Chronix Biomedical have published a study in the peer-reviewed journal PLOS ONE identifying important similarities and differences between human and canine breast tumors, according to a report in Medical News Today. The finding has potential benefits for people and dogs with breast cancer. A blood marker that indicates the presence of residual cancer cells after treatment could be a minimally invasive and cost-effective diagnostic way for veterinarians and physicians to identify patients who need further treatment after surgery. -- Dr. Marty Becker and Kim Campbell Thornton

ABOUT PET CONNECTION

Pet Connection is produced by a team of pet-care experts headed by "Good Morning America" and "The Dr. Oz Show" veterinarian Dr. Marty Becker and award-winning journalist Kim Campbell Thornton. They are joined by professional dog trainer and behavior consultant Mikkel Becker. Dr. Becker can be found at Facebook.com/DrMartyBecker or on Twitter at DrMartyBecker. Kim Campbell Thornton is on Twitter at kkcthornton. Mikkel Becker is at Facebook.com/MikkelBecker and on Twitter at MikkelBecker.

MORE TICKS MEAN YEAR-ROUND PREVENTIVE MEASURES ARE A MUST FOR DOG AND CAT OWNERS

By Kim Campbell Thornton

In the span of less than a week, I found two ticks on my dog Harper, a Cavalier King Charles spaniel. In 25 years of dog ownership, that was a first. We live in Southern California, so ticks are a fact of life, but Harper doesn't typically go into areas where ticks are found. We don't have a yard, and she's not allowed on local hiking trails. I can only surmise that the ticks hitched a ride on me -- ick! -- after a hike and made their way onto Harper.

Tick populations are increasing. And there aren't just more of them; they're being found in more places than in the past, says veterinary parasitologist Dr. Susan E. Little of Oklahoma State University. Milder winters; more white-tailed deer, which carry the tiny arachnids; and increasing development in formerly rural areas are among the factors in the ticks' spread.

Like me, you might never have had to worry about ticks before, but now is a good time to talk to your veterinarian about their prevalence in your area. Many tick species have moved out of their original habitats, carried away by migratory birds, coyotes and deer. One or more species of ticks can now be found in every state, including Alaska and Hawaii. Ticks used to be active from spring through fall, but warmer winters mean that some species are staying active as late as February, depending on where they are located.

That's bad news, since ticks are major carriers of diseases that affect both humans and dogs and cats. Most of us are familiar with Lyme disease, but ticks also transmit Rocky Mountain spotted fever, ehrlichiosis, babesiosis and Cytauxzoon felis, which infects cats. The ticks that primarily transmit these debilitating and sometimes deadly diseases are the black-legged tick (Ixodes scapularis), the Lone Star tick (Amblyomma americanum) and the American dog tick (Dermacentor variabilis).

Protect yourself and your pets from tick-borne diseases with the following measures:

-- Provide all your pets with lifetime parasite control. "We always say to treat every pet every month all year long," Dr. Little says. Dogs and cats don't spread tick-borne diseases directly to their owners, but they can acquire diseases from ticks as well as bring ticks into the home or yard. And just because your dog or cat stays mainly indoors or lives in a certain geographic region doesn't mean he's not at risk.

-- Ask your veterinarian which ticks and tick-borne diseases are common in your area and which product is best for protecting your animals. The information may have changed since you last learned about ticks.

-- Apply tick-prevention products on a regular schedule. It's no longer effective to try to time parasite control to start in spring and stop after the second killing frost.

-- Check your dog or cat for ticks anytime he has been outdoors. Keep a tick-removal device on hand and know how to use it.

-- Make your yard less welcoming to ticks by removing leaf litter, mowing the lawn frequently, keeping landscaping free of tall grass and brush, and fencing your yard to prevent incursions by deer and other animals that carry ticks. A three-foot swathe of wood chips or gravel between your lawn and wooded areas won't keep ticks away, but it does serve as a visual reminder that you are entering the tick zone.

-- Use insect repellent on yourself and wear protective clothing.

-- After a hike or other outdoor excursion to tick-friendly wooded areas with tall grass, give yourself a cursory examination for the little bloodsuckers, so you don't drive them home to your pets.

Q&A

Born shy: how to

help fearful cats

Q: When my son and his wife came to visit recently, our cat took one look when they walked in the door, ran upstairs and disappeared under our bed. She wouldn't come out all day, and she's not eating much. I'm worried that the stress of having guests in the house, combined with her lack of appetite, will trigger a bout of pancreatitis, which she's had before. Is there anything I can do to help her be more comfortable when we have visitors? -- via Facebook

A: It's normal for cats to react this way to unfamiliar people and situations. The flight response is a survival behavior that protects them from potentially dangerous situations or individuals.

The bad news is that there's no way to train or socialize your cat to be friendly toward strangers. Cats who react fearfully to strangers carry the trait in their genes. What's interesting is that it's the father who has the most influence over kitten personalities, even though they spend most of their time with their mother.

If your cat had met and been handled by many different people before she was 6 weeks old, the socialization could have helped her to be less fearful of strangers or new or unusual objects, but it won't help now. The best thing you can do for your cat is to set up a safe place where she can feel secure. This can be your bedroom, an office or some other comfortable area where no one will disturb her. Stock it with food, water, a litter box (well away from the food and water) and maybe a favorite toy.

Your cat may never be a social butterfly, but it's possible that if the same people visit frequently, she will one day be confident enough to let them catch a glimpse of her. -- Kim Campbell Thornton

Do you have a pet question? Send it to petconnection@gmail.com or visit Facebook.com/DrMartyBecker

THE BUZZ

Big cat research

has gone to a dog

-- Jaguar biologists in Costa Rica have a canine research assistant: a German shorthaired pointer named Google. Nicknamed "the ultimate search engine," his job is to find jaguar scat -- aka feces. The scat provides the biologists with DNA that allows them to identify individual animals and learn more about their movements, diet and genetic diversity. Like his namesake, Google increases researchers' finds by severalfold, says Dr. Howard Quigley, executive director of jaguar programs for Panthera, a wild cat conservation program. What does Google get out of it? Play time with his favorite red ball.

-- A new USDA rule set down last month limits the sale of animals online by redefining the term "retail pet store" to mean a place of business or residence that a buyer must physically enter to observe the animals for sale prior to purchase. Internet-based breeders and other businesses that sell animals sight unseen must now be licensed and inspected by the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service. Breeders with four or fewer breeding females are exempt from licensing and inspection requirements, as are breeders of working dogs and animal rescue groups, pounds, shelters and humane societies.

-- Most dogs that take heartworm preventive are protected against the deadly parasites, but evidence presented by parasitology experts Dr. Ray M. Kaplan and Dr. Byron L. Blagburn at the American Veterinary Medical Association conference in July indicated that some heartworms in small numbers of dogs in the Mississippi Delta areas of Louisiana, Arkansas, Mississippi and western Tennessee are resistant to preventive medication. In areas such as the southern United States, where heartworms are endemic, pet owners should not only give their animals heartworm preventive, but also take steps to reduce their exposure to mosquitoes, including walking dogs at times when mosquitoes are less active and screening dog runs or other outdoor areas.

ABOUT PET CONNECTION

Pet Connection is produced by a team of pet care experts headed by "Good Morning America" and "The Dr. Oz Show" veterinarian Dr. Marty Becker and award-winning journalist Kim Campbell Thornton. The two are affiliated with Vetstreet.com and are the authors of many best-selling pet care books. Dr. Becker can also be found at Facebook.com/DrMartyBecker or on Twitter at DrMartyBecker.