DEAR DR. FOX: In the paper a couple of months ago, you answered a letter from someone inquiring about black spots on her dog's skin. You said they were probably warts and to spray the spots with apple cider vinegar.

My cocker spaniel, Max, not only had black spots on his back and neck, but also on his stomach. The spots on his back were large and crusty, and the skin flaked off around them. His groomer thought he had allergies and dry spots and bathed him with oatmeal shampoo.

I thought your idea was worth a try, so I sprayed apple cider vinegar on his back a couple times a day -- when I remembered -- for a week or two. The spots not only reduced in size, but soon they were all gone -- even the spots I didn't put vinegar on disappeared. My vet had never heard of such a thing and was amazed. -- L.J., Rogue River, Ore.

DEAR L.J.: Yes, we have much to relearn from tried-and-true folk remedies for a variety of health problems. So many of the medications on the market today can have harmful side effects and are far more expensive than folk remedies. Remedies like apple cider vinegar and baking soda paste for skin conditions; peppermint or spearmint and ginger for nausea and an upset stomach; cramp bark or licorice for gut-ache; and valerian or catnip for anxiety are all great alternatives to expensive prescription medication.

While I do not advocate people making their own diagnoses, I urge more human and animal doctors to adopt a more integrative approach in their treatments. As an added bonus, unlike many prescribed drugs, these products are not an environmental health hazard when excreted.

DEAR DR. FOX: I have had a terrible problem with my 14-year-old male cat's eating habits. He will eat something for a while and then just stop. I try different foods with no luck. He also throws up just about every time he eats.

I've started giving him Gerber baby food -- turkey with turkey gravy. He gets a spoonful in the morning and another spoonful an hour or two later. After that, he gets cooked ground turkey, which I cook for him in salt-free chicken bouillon. I mix that with Science Diet kitten food (the minced liver and chicken entree). I add probiotics, psyllium and Be Well supplements to the mix. He seems to like it and does not throw up after eating. I've also tried Nature's Variety Instinct Chicken Formula Raw Frozen Diet -- he ate that for about two days and now won't touch it, no matter what I mix it with.

Any suggestions on how to get him to eat and what he should be eating? -- M.L., Ft Myers, Fla.

DEAR M.L.: You are feeding your old cat just what I would recommend, but I would add a few drops of fish oil and encourage him to drink plenty of water. He may accept this via a dropper.

Most likely he is suffering from chronic kidney failure and needs a full veterinary checkup. Hydration and quality protein nutrition is important. Medication to help correct the kidney malfunction and to lower blood pressure if that is also an issue may be called for. Check my website for more details to help cats with this condition -- provided that is the veterinarian's diagnosis. Various cancers in older cats can produce similar symptoms, and this I cannot diagnose without seeing your cat and running various tests.

KRILL OIL SUPPLEMENTS

One aspect of veterinary bioethics is the source of various therapeutic products and nutrient supplements and their environmental impact/costs, which must be weighed against their effectiveness and availability of alternatives. A point in question is the current mass marketing of krill oil as a superior nutrient supplement to health-conscious consumers and pet owners, and which some veterinarians are now advocating and selling.

Krill is the food staple for several whale species and other marine creatures. The justification for krill harvesting is based primarily on profits and is a tie-in with the factory farming of corn-fed livestock and poultry notoriously deficient in omega-3s and with excess inflammatory omega-6 fatty acids.

There is now hope on the omega-3 supplement horizon -- and relief for krill and other marine resources -- with confirmation that cultures of algae could lead to the wholesale bioproduction of omega-3 fatty acids. Some of these are already being marketed and embraced by vegans and other heath- and environment-conscious consumers. For more details on why I am opposed to the shrimplike krill being taken from the oceans, see my entry at DrFoxVet.com.

(Send all mail to animaldocfox@gmail.com or to Dr. Michael Fox in care of Universal Uclick, 1130 Walnut St., Kansas City, MO 64106. The volume of mail received prohibits personal replies, but questions and comments of general interest will be discussed in future columns.

Visit Dr. Fox's website at DrFoxVet.com.)

DEAR DR. FOX: I enjoy your column and have learned a lot. This letter is to share my cats' vocalizations and to ask advice about my old cat.

My two cats are 17-year-old Simon and 10-year-old Schatze. They are both orange tabbies.

Schatze followed me home one day when I was out walking. Of the many cats we've had over the years, Schatze is the most delightful, interactive companion. He loves people and greets everyone at the front door. He has an extensive vocabulary. He talks to us in staccato sounds of chirps, grunts, squeaks, squawks and even little meows. He responds in conversation with us. Schatze is happy as long as he is being petted or hugged.

Simon, on the other hand, rarely made a sound for about 16 years. Since he has developed a tumor behind one eye, which caused blindness, he has stopped eating dry food. He is extremely thin. I feed him canned food now, and he will eat only the pate, from which he licks all the moisture. We sometimes add beef or chicken broth, and he licks it right up. He sits in the kitchen and yowls loudly. I have to sit with him while he eats, which he does for only a couple of minutes at a time. He has always drunk a lot of water, but he has never been a good eater. I know he doesn't have much time left, but he doesn't seem to have pain, and he still cuddles and purrs. I don't understand why he can't eat enough at a time to be done for a while.

Any advice would be appreciated. Thank you for all your pet stories and advice. -- L.H., Saylorsburg, Pa.

DEAR L.H.: Thanks for the account of Schatze's vocal repertoire. It can be difficult finding the right descriptive names for their various sounds, but behavioral scientists have identified many, including complex mixed sounds.

One of our cats always gives an accordionlike purr-squeak whenever he jumps down off one of his many perches, as though to announce he's coming. Our other cat gives contentment grunts, and sometimes when he's sleeping, he emits the most pathetic little cries, no doubt reliving his terrible Minnesota winter survival challenges as a feral cat.

Cats with a chronic degenerative disease like poor Simon must be kept hydrated, and it is excellent that he drinks plenty of water. Lack of appetite may be due to nausea rather than pain, and it could be part of the somatic shutdown process -- when the metabolism is disrupted and energy and nutrients get taken from the muscles, hence the wasting away. This could be compounded by thyroid disease.

Try feeding him small amounts of Gerber baby foods many times a day. Stick to the meat, poultry and fish varieties that are highly nutritious and palatable for cats. If hospice care is available in your area, that might be a good service to help him through his final days. Check my website, DrFoxVet.com, for a review of this relatively new, compassionate service for people and their animal companions.

CHILDREN NEED CLOSURE

A survey of 1,000 previous pet owners found that the memories of pets people had as children and the loss of those pets influenced their decision to own animals as adults. Twenty percent of previous dog owners and 17 percent of people who had owned cats reported that losing their pet was so traumatic that they were not inclined to get another animal companion. Forty percent of respondents say they are still affected by the loss of a childhood animal. The importance of open communication with children surrounding the death or rehoming of a pet -- and knowing the truth -- allows children to grieve and heal. For details, see americanhumane.org/people-pets-and-the-world-we.pdf.

(Send all mail to animaldocfox@gmail.com or to Dr. Michael Fox in care of Universal Uclick, 1130 Walnut St., Kansas City, MO 64106. The volume of mail received prohibits personal replies, but questions and comments of general interest will be discussed in future columns.

Visit Dr. Fox's website at DrFoxVet.com.)

DEAR DR. FOX: I adopted three kittens that were roaming outside my unit, probably under my deck, in 1997. They were part of a litter of six.

There were three orange tabbies, two mixed colors and one white cat. I caught the white one in October. I wanted another for a playmate, so my neighbor caught the tamest one. I thought he was dumb to let us pick him up, but I was the dumb one and he turned out to be the smart one. He adjusted almost immediately to his new home.

One orange tabby showed up on the far corner of my balcony about a week later -- he probably knew two of his littermates were inside. I went out on the balcony thinking he would see me, but he didn't. He just kept looking out, and he didn't even hear me coming. I bent down and grabbed him. He got mad, but I just put him in my living room, where he acted like he didn't like me. He changed his mind pretty soon.

The smart one pushed a small screen out in the basement in 1998 and went outside, and the others followed. They all just wanted to go outside, not run away. I knew I could get the orange ones back in, but the white one was a different story. It took me about 11 days to get him. The smart one pushed the screen out again about a year later. I don't know how he did it, since he didn't tear the screen at all, just pushed it out. It was very secure in the slot. He did it upstairs in the bedroom also. Anyway, they liked going outside, especially the smart one, but I wouldn't let the white one out.

The smart one disappeared in December 1999; I think a coyote got him. I don't think he ran away, and I looked all over for him for several days. The other orange one was in a hurry to come in when I got home, which was unusual. The white one would go to the screen door the next few days and yell out.

After that, I didn't let them out except for when they go out with me in the morning for five or 10 minutes. Don't let your cats roam! Not only will you prevent them from killing wildlife, you'll also stop something from happening to your pet. -- D.L., Maryland Heights, Md.

DEAR D.L.: Readers will appreciate your feline saga, and hopefully adopt your protocol of allowing them outdoors if they wish, but only under strict supervision. I wish you had caught and found good homes for all the kittens. Many cats are taken by coyotes who are in many communities across the U.S. Eagles and other large birds of prey take some cats. Several cat owners tell me that they now walk their cats wearing a harness around the body, and they love it!

SAY NO TO DECLAWING CATS

Many veterinarians routinely declaw young cats. It's often part of the package when pets come in to be spayed/neutered. Many cats suffer as a consequence. The operation, called an onychectomy, entails more than simply removing the claws under general anesthesia. It entails removal of the first digit (digitectomy, or deknuckling). It's like you having your toes and fingers removed at the first joint.

Cats are very dexterous, and this operation essentially eliminates their dexterity, greatly reducing their behavioral repertoire when it comes to grasping and holding. It also hampers their ability to groom and scratch themselves normally. Their ability and self-confidence when it comes to climbing and agility are similarly crippled. Their first line of defense -- their retractable claws -- is eliminated, which could make some cats more anxious and defensive.

Declawed cats tend to walk abnormally back on their heels rather than on their entire pads because of the chronic pain at the end of their severed fingers and toes. They often develop arthritis, and as the front toe pads shrink, chronic bone infections are not uncommon.

Many declawed cats find it painful to use the litter box, develop a conditioned aversion to using the box and stop using it. This is why many declawed cats are put up for adoption or are euthanized. They may also bite more and become defensive when handled because their paws are hurting and infected.

I strongly advise all prospective cat owners and those cat owners who are contemplating having the entire first digit, not simply the claw, removed surgically from their cats' paws to never have this operation performed.

Cats need their claws to be cats, and the routine surgical amputation of all their first digits is considered unthinkable in the U.K. and many other countries. They know that properly handled and socialized cats quickly learn not to scratch people and will learn to enjoy using a scratch post and not destroy upholstered furniture.

For more details, visit the Paw Project at pawproject.org.

(Send all mail to animaldocfox@gmail.com or to Dr. Michael Fox in care of Universal Uclick, 1130 Walnut St., Kansas City, MO 64106. The volume of mail received prohibits personal replies, but questions and comments of general interest will be discussed in future columns.

Visit Dr. Fox's website at DrFoxVet.com.)