Today is the 202nd day of 2014 and the 31st day of summer.

TODAY'S HISTORY: In 1861, the first Battle of Bull Run -- the first major battle of the Civil War -- was fought in Virginia, ending in a Confederate victory.

In 1925, Tennessee teacher John Scopes was convicted of violating the state's law against teaching the theory of evolution.

In 1954, the French surrendered North Vietnam to Communist forces.

In 2011, NASA's Space Shuttle Program came to an end as the shuttle Atlantis landed at Kennedy Space Center in Florida.

TODAY'S BIRTHDAYS: Ernest Hemingway (1899-1961), author; Marshall McLuhan (1911-1980), author/theorist; Isaac Stern (1920-2001), violinist; Don Knotts (1924-2006), actor/comedian; Janet Reno (1938- ), former U.S. attorney general; Yusuf Islam aka Cat Stevens (1948- ), singer/songwriter; Garry Trudeau (1948- ), cartoonist; Robin Williams (1951- ), actor/comedian; Jon Lovitz (1957- ), actor/comedian; Brandi Chastain (1968- ), soccer player; CC Sabathia (1980- ), baseball player; Juno Temple (1989- ), actress.

TODAY'S FACT: The Harry Potter series, the final volume of which was published on this day in 2007, has been translated into 68 languages other than English.

TODAY'S SPORTS: In 1959, the Boston Red Sox (the last major league team to integrate) fielded their first African-American player when Pumpsie Green entered a game against the Chicago White Sox in the eighth inning.

TODAY'S QUOTE: "There is nothing noble in being superior to your fellow man; true nobility is being superior to your former self." -- Ernest Hemingway

TODAY'S NUMBER: -128.6 -- temperature (in degrees Fahrenheit) at Vostok Station, Antarctica, on this day in 1983, the lowest recorded temperature in world history.

TODAY'S MOON: Between last quarter moon (July 18) and new moon (July 26).

Today is the 201st day of 2014 and the 30th day of summer.

TODAY'S HISTORY: In 1944, Adolf Hitler survived an assassination attempt orchestrated by several senior-level German military officials.

In 1969, Neil Armstrong, commander of Apollo 11, became the first person to set foot on the moon, followed by Edwin "Buzz" Aldrin.

In 1976, Viking 1 landed on Mars and transmitted the first photos of the planet's surface.

In 2012, a gunman opened fire during a midnight screening of "The Dark Knight Rises" at a theater in Aurora, Colorado, killing 12 people and injuring 58 others.

TODAY'S BIRTHDAYS: Petrarch (Francesco Petrarca) (1304-1374), poet; Edmund Hillary (1919-2008), explorer/mountaineer; Cormac McCarthy (1933- ), writer; Natalie Wood (1938-1981), actress; Carlos Santana (1947- ), musician; Chris Cornell (1964- ), singer-songwriter; Dean Winters (1964- ), actor; Josh Holloway (1968- ), actor; Sandra Oh (1971- ), actress; Omar Epps (1973- ), actor; Ray Allen (1975- ), basketball player; Julianne Hough (1988- ), dancer/singer.

TODAY'S FACT: The British Academy of Film and Television Arts (BAFTA) honored Neil Armstrong and associates with its Best Foreign Television Award in 1969 for their telecast from the moon.

TODAY'S SPORTS: In 1968, the first International Special Olympics Games concluded at Soldier Field in Chicago.

TODAY'S QUOTE: "It is not the mountain we conquer, but ourselves." -- Edmund Hillary

TODAY'S NUMBER: 29,029 -- official elevation (in feet) of the Mount Everest summit, according to China and Nepal. Other sources recognize an official elevation of 29,035 feet.

TODAY'S MOON: Between last quarter (July 18) and new moon (July 26).

Today is the 200th day of 2014 and the 29th day of summer.

TODAY'S HISTORY: In 64, the Great Fire of Rome began.

In 1848, a seminal women's rights convention opened in Seneca Falls, New York.

In 1941, Winston Churchill launched his V for Victory campaign.

In 1943, Allied forces bombed railway yards in Rome.

In 1993, President Bill Clinton announced a "Don't Ask, Don't Tell, Don't Pursue" policy for gay men and women serving in the U.S. military.

TODAY'S BIRTHDAYS: Samuel Colt (1814-1862), inventor; Edgar Degas (1834-1917), painter; Lizzie Borden (1860-1927), alleged murderer; Max Fleischer (1883-1972), animator; A.J. Cronin (1896-1981), writer; George McGovern (1922-2012), U.S. senator/presidential candidate; Ilie Nastase (1946- ), tennis player; Brian May (1947- ), musician; Anthony Edwards (1962- ), actor; Stuart Scott (1965- ), sportscaster; Jon Jones (1968- ), mixed martial artist.

TODAY'S FACT: British Prime Minister Winston Churchill was the first person ever named an honorary American citizen.

TODAY'S SPORTS: In 1903, Italian cyclist Maurice-Francois Garin won the inaugural Tour de France.

TODAY'S QUOTE: " The highest patriotism is not a blind acceptance of official policy, but a love of one's country deep enough to call her to a higher standard." -- George McGovern

TODAY'S NUMBER: 1 -- state (Massachusetts) from which Democratic Sen. George McGovern of South Dakota won electoral votes in the 1972 presidential election, along with Washington, D.C.

TODAY'S MOON: Between last quarter (July 18) and new moon (July 26).