Today is the 306th day of 2012 and the 41st day of autumn.

TODAY'S HISTORY: In 1800, John Adams became the first president of the United States to reside in the Executive Mansion (later named the White House).

In 1848, the Boston Female Medical School, the first medical school for women, opened.

In 1993, the Maastricht Treaty went into effect, formally establishing the European Union.

TODAY'S BIRTHDAYS: Stephen Crane (1871-1900), writer; James Kilpatrick (1920-2010), journalist; Gary Player (1935- ), golfer; Lyle Lovett (1957- ), singer; Charlie Kaufman (1958- ), screenwriter; Anthony Kiedis (1962- ), musician; Toni Collette (1972- ), actress; Jenny McCarthy (1972- ), actress; Penn Badgley (1986- ), actor.

TODAY'S SPORTS: In 1959, NHL goalie Jacques Plantes of the Montreal Canadiens wore the first goalie facemask, which he designed himself.

TODAY'S FACT: John Adams was the only president elected as a member of the Federalist Party.

TODAY'S QUOTE: "It's harder to write songs when you're happy than it is when you're miserable. Who wants to hear how happy you are?" -- Lyle Lovett

TODAY'S NUMBER: 28 -- percentage of American physicians who are women.

TODAY'S MOON: Between full moon (Oct. 29) and last quarter (Nov. 6).

Today is the 305th day of 2012 and the 40th day of autumn.

TODAY'S HISTORY: In 1517, Martin Luther nailed his Ninety-Five Theses on the door of the Castle Church in Wittenberg, Germany, in protest of the selling of papal indulgences.

In 1957, Toyota Motor Sales, U.S.A., Inc., established its first American headquarters in Hollywood, Calif.

In 1984, Indian Prime Minister Indira Gandhi was assassinated by two bodyguards.

TODAY'S BIRTHDAYS: John Keats (1795-1821), poet; Juliette Gordon Low (1860-1927), Girl Scouts founder; Chiang Kai-shek (1887-1975), statesman; Dan Rather (1931- ), TV journalist; Michael Landon (1936-1991), actor; John Candy (1950-1994), actor; Jane Pauley (1950- ), TV journalist; Peter Jackson (1961- ), filmmaker; Dermot Mulroney (1963- ), actor; Piper Perabo (1976- ), actress; Willow Smith (2000- ), actress/singer.

TODAY'S SPORTS: In 1950, Earl Lloyd became the first African-American to play in an NBA game.

TODAY'S FACT: Japanese automaker Toyota began locating some manufacturing operations in the United States in 1972.

TODAY'S QUOTE: "Once the herd starts moving in one direction, it's very hard to turn it, even slightly." -- Dan Rather

TODAY'S NUMBER: 4 -- years after Martin Luther's posting of the Ninety-Five Theses that he was formally excommunicated from the Catholic Church.

TODAY'S MOON: Between full moon (Oct. 29) and last quarter (Nov. 6).

Today is the 304th day of 2012 and the 39th day of autumn.

TODAY'S HISTORY: In 1890, Oakland, Calif., became one of the first jurisdictions in the country to enact an anti-drug law, which banned opium, morphine and cocaine unless prescribed by a doctor.

In 1938, Orson Welles' radio production of "War of the Worlds" created panic in listeners who believed they were actually listening to reports of Martian invasion.

In 1991, President George Bush opened the Madrid Conference, the first direct, official peace talks to include Israel and all its Arab neighbors.

TODAY'S BIRTHDAYS: John Adams (1735-1826), second U.S. president; William Halsey (1882-1959), U.S. admiral/fleet commander; Ezra Pound (1885-1972), poet/critic; Charles Atlas (1893-1972), bodybuilder; Grace Slick (1939- ), singer; Henry Winkler (1945- ), actor; Harry Hamlin (1951- ), actor; Nia Long (1970- ), actress; Matthew Morrison (1978- ), actor.

TODAY'S SPORTS: In 1974, Muhammad Ali regained the world heavyweight title by knocking out George Foreman in the eighth round of the "Rumble in the Jungle."

TODAY'S FACT: Cocaine was not nationally regulated in the United States until 1914, when the Harrison Narcotics Tax Act was passed.

TODAY'S QUOTE: "I guess the definition of a lunatic is a man surrounded by them." -- Ezra Pound

TODAY'S NUMBER: 24.7 -- amount (in pounds) of candy that Americans consumed per capita in 2010.

TODAY'S MOON: Between full moon (Oct. 29) and last quarter (Nov. 6).